The initial governing document of the newly independent United States, adopted in 1777 and ratified in 1781, established a “league of friendship” among the thirteen states. This framework prioritized state sovereignty, granting limited powers to the central government. A primary feature was a unicameral legislature where each state held a single vote, regardless of population size. The structure intentionally avoided replicating the strong central authority experienced under British rule.
This framework’s historical significance lies in its attempt to balance revolutionary ideals of self-governance with the need for national unity. It successfully guided the nation through the final years of the Revolutionary War and the negotiation of the Treaty of Paris. However, its inherent weaknesses, such as the inability to effectively regulate interstate commerce or levy taxes, led to economic instability and internal disputes. The lack of a strong executive or judicial branch further hampered its effectiveness in enforcing laws and resolving conflicts.
