In the context of AP World History, this term identifies a political and social philosophy emphasizing the value of traditional institutions, customs, and established hierarchies. It generally favors gradual change and resists radical or revolutionary transformations. Examples include the efforts of the Congress of Vienna to restore monarchies after the Napoleonic Wars, or the resistance to widespread social reform movements in 19th-century Europe. The ideology often champions stability and order, viewing abrupt alterations to societal structures with suspicion.
Understanding this ideological perspective is crucial for analyzing various historical events and movements. It provides a framework for interpreting the actions of individuals, states, and groups who sought to maintain existing power structures and social norms. Recognizing its influence enables a more nuanced comprehension of conflicts arising from competing visions of societal progress, as well as the long-term impact of resistance to change on global developments. Analyzing the motivations behind resisting change helps students appreciate the complexities of historical narratives.