A specific type of air mass is characterized by its origin over large landmasses at high latitudes. This results in air that is typically cold and dry. These air masses form in regions where there is minimal solar radiation during the winter months, leading to significant cooling of the surface and the air directly above it. An example of the impact of this air mass is the sudden drop in temperatures experienced across North America during winter when air originating over northern Canada and Siberia moves southward.
The significance of understanding this type of air mass lies in its influence on weather patterns and climate. Its movements and interactions with other air masses are critical in forecasting temperature changes, precipitation events, and potential severe weather. Historically, the understanding of these air masses has improved our ability to predict and prepare for winter storms, minimizing disruption and potential hazards to communities.