In the field of AP Human Geography, this concept refers to the misrepresentation of shape, area, distance, or direction when projecting a three-dimensional surface, such as the Earth, onto a two-dimensional plane, like a map. As an example, when transferring the Earth’s curved surface onto a flat map, landmasses can appear stretched or compressed, altering their true size and shape relative to other regions. Different map projections intentionally minimize particular aspects of this misrepresentation at the expense of others.
Understanding this inherent challenge is fundamental because it directly impacts the interpretation of spatial data. Recognizing the type and degree of misrepresentation present in any given map allows for a more accurate assessment of geographic relationships and phenomena. Historically, choices about which characteristics to preserve in a map projection have reflected the priorities and biases of mapmakers, influencing how the world is perceived and understood. Therefore, awareness of this unavoidable alteration is crucial for informed geographic analysis.
