These organizations were a significant feature of American urban politics from the late 19th century through the early 20th century. They were essentially hierarchical political organizations that controlled enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city or county. They typically operated through patronage, offering jobs and services in exchange for political support. An example of this system is Tammany Hall in New York City, which wielded considerable influence for decades.
The importance of these systems lies in their ability to consolidate power and get things done, albeit often through questionable means. They provided essential services to immigrant communities, such as housing and employment, in exchange for votes, creating a powerful reciprocal relationship. Historically, they filled a void in social welfare programs, but their methods also fostered corruption and undermined democratic processes. The rise of civil service reforms and progressive movements ultimately diminished their influence.
