The struggle, occurring between 1954 and 1962, represents a significant event in post-World War II decolonization. It was a violent conflict between France and Algerian nationalists seeking self-determination. The conflict’s origins lie in France’s long-standing colonial presence in Algeria, beginning in 1830, and the subsequent socio-economic and political inequalities experienced by the Algerian population. The Front de Libration Nationale (FLN) spearheaded the movement, employing guerilla tactics against French forces and civilian populations. This response prompted repressive measures by the French military, which in turn increased support for the independence movement among Algerians and generated international condemnation.
This wars importance is rooted in its impact on both Algeria and France. For Algeria, it resulted in the attainment of independence after over a century of French rule, marking a watershed moment in its national identity and political development. The conflict also served as a model and inspiration for other anti-colonial movements globally. For France, the struggle exposed the moral and political costs of maintaining a colonial empire, contributed to political instability within France itself, and left a lasting impact on Franco-Algerian relations. Moreover, it exemplified the complex dynamics of decolonization, highlighting the tensions between colonizers determined to retain power and colonized populations demanding freedom.
