The term designates a civilization that flourished in the Andes region of South America, primarily from the 15th to the 16th centuries. This society established a vast empire through military conquest and sophisticated administrative organization, encompassing territory from modern-day Ecuador to Chile. A notable aspect included the construction of extensive road systems and intricate agricultural techniques, such as terrace farming, that supported a large population. As an example, the city of Machu Picchu exemplifies the architectural and engineering capabilities of this culture.
Understanding this historical society is crucial for comprehending pre-Columbian America and its subsequent interactions with European powers. Its centralized governance, intricate social hierarchy, and advanced infrastructure demonstrate a complex and developed civilization. Examining it also provides insights into the diverse forms of political organization and societal structures that existed prior to European colonization, contributing to a more nuanced understanding of world history.
