The artificial application of water to land or soil is a crucial agricultural technique. It supplements rainfall, allowing for crop production in regions with inadequate or inconsistent precipitation. Examples include systems that deliver water via canals, sprinklers, or drip lines directly to plant roots, maximizing efficiency and minimizing water waste. This process is fundamental to increasing agricultural yields and supporting larger populations. The term as it relates to the AP Human Geography framework focuses on the human modification of the environment to enhance food production.
This practice is vital because it enables farming in arid and semi-arid regions, expanding the areas suitable for cultivation. By providing a consistent water supply, it reduces the risk of crop failure due to drought, stabilizing food production and economies. Historically, the development of sophisticated systems has been linked to the rise of civilizations in areas like Mesopotamia and Egypt, highlighting its profound impact on human settlement and development. Increased and reliable yields reduce pressure to convert natural landscapes into farmland.
