The inheritance of phenotypic characteristics that are determined by more than one gene is a common phenomenon. These traits do not follow simple Mendelian inheritance patterns, as multiple genes, each with potentially several alleles, contribute to the ultimate phenotype. Human height, skin color, and eye color are classic instances, demonstrating a continuous range of variation rather than distinct categories.
Understanding the genetic basis of complex characteristics is fundamental to various fields. In agriculture, this knowledge facilitates the selective breeding of crops with desired attributes, such as increased yield or disease resistance. In medicine, it assists in comprehending the genetic predisposition to various diseases, contributing to risk assessment and personalized treatment strategies. Historically, recognizing these inheritance patterns moved genetic studies beyond single-gene models, fostering a more nuanced view of the relationship between genotype and phenotype.
