The system of unfree labor, prevalent particularly from the 17th to the 19th centuries, involved an individual contracting to work for a specified period, typically several years, in exchange for passage to a new country (often the Americas), food, clothing, lodging, and other necessities. This labor arrangement bound individuals to service for a set duration, after which they would be granted freedom. A common scenario involved Europeans, primarily from the lower classes, agreeing to a term of service in exchange for transatlantic transportation.
This form of labor served as a crucial component in the development of colonial economies, especially in regions requiring large-scale agricultural labor. It provided a means for individuals lacking the financial resources for emigration to improve their economic prospects and start a new life. Furthermore, it addressed the chronic labor shortages faced by colonial landowners, facilitating the expansion of plantations and other industries. The system, while offering opportunities, was also marked by harsh conditions and limited rights for those bound by contracts.