The term describes a sophisticated and sustainable agricultural technique employed by Indigenous peoples of North America. This method involved cultivating three main cropscorn, beans, and squashin close proximity. The cornstalks provided a natural trellis for the beans to climb, while the beans, in turn, fixed nitrogen in the soil, enriching it for both the corn and the squash. The large leaves of the squash plants helped to suppress weeds and retain moisture in the soil.
This agricultural practice offered significant advantages. It provided a balanced diet, enhanced soil fertility naturally, and maximized land use. The practice demonstrated a deep understanding of ecological relationships and resource management. Historically, it was a vital component of Indigenous food systems, contributing to stable populations and complex societies prior to European contact. Its efficiency allowed for surplus production, which supported trade and cultural development.
