During the period of 1200-1450, this Islamic mystical tradition can be defined as a path emphasizing the experiential knowledge of God through love and intuition, rather than solely through legalistic or intellectual means. It prioritized direct personal experience of the divine, fostering a deep internal transformation. Central to this understanding was the concept of fana (annihilation of the ego) and baqa (subsistence in God), achieved through various spiritual practices. For example, the Mevlevi order, founded by Jalaluddin Rumi, practiced whirling dervishes as a form of remembrance of God (dhikr) and a path towards mystical union.
The significance of this spiritual orientation during this era lies in its ability to provide solace and meaning amidst political instability and social upheaval. It offered a more personal and accessible form of religious expression, attracting followers from all social classes. The emphasis on ethical behavior, compassion, and service to others also contributed to the social welfare of communities. Historically, this mystical approach flourished during this time, influencing literature, art, and architecture across the Islamic world, and acting as a powerful force for cultural and intellectual exchange.
