A surface that does not allow water to penetrate into the ground is considered impermeable. These surfaces, frequently artificial, prevent precipitation from infiltrating the soil and replenishing groundwater supplies. Examples include paved roads, sidewalks, parking lots, rooftops, and other areas covered by concrete, asphalt, or similar materials.
The presence of these barriers to infiltration significantly impacts stormwater runoff, increasing its volume and velocity. This heightened runoff can lead to several environmental consequences, such as increased erosion, flooding, and pollution of waterways. Historically, the expansion of urban areas and the associated increase in hardscapes have exacerbated these issues, highlighting the need for careful management of stormwater and the implementation of strategies to mitigate the effects of limited ground absorption.
