It is a neurological syndrome characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements, frequently affecting the face, mouth, tongue, and jaw. These movements can include grimacing, lip smacking, tongue protrusion, chewing motions, and rapid blinking. The condition is primarily associated with the long-term use of certain medications, particularly first-generation antipsychotics used in the treatment of mental health disorders. An example would be an individual developing involuntary tongue movements after several years of treatment with a typical antipsychotic medication for schizophrenia.
Understanding this condition is crucial in the field of psychology as it represents a significant potential side effect of psychopharmacological interventions. Awareness of its causes and symptoms allows mental health professionals to make informed decisions regarding medication choices and to monitor patients for early signs of the disorder. Historically, the emergence of this syndrome underscored the importance of balancing the benefits of medication with the potential for iatrogenic harm. This understanding has prompted research into newer antipsychotic medications with a lower risk profile and the development of strategies for prevention and management.
