The term describes adverse effects of a treatment that, by their severity, prevent further increases in the amount of the treatment administered. This level of toxicity effectively sets the upper limit on how much of the treatment can be safely given. For example, a chemotherapeutic agent may cause severe nausea and vomiting at a certain dosage, preventing the administration of higher, potentially more effective, quantities. This nausea and vomiting would then be considered a reason to limit the dose.
Identifying and understanding these toxicities are critical in clinical trials and medical practice. Accurately characterizing these toxicities ensures patient safety and guides treatment protocols. Historically, recognition of these effects has evolved alongside advancements in pharmacology and toxicology, leading to more refined approaches to drug development and administration. Establishing a maximum tolerated dose is essential for determining the optimal balance between therapeutic efficacy and acceptable side effects.
